The cervical spine is composed of seven vertebrae that stretch from the base of the skull to the upper part of the thoracic spine.

The first 2 cervical vertebrae are different in shape and function, the first also called atlas, on which the skull is supported, allows the forward-backward movement of the head. The second cervical vertebra, also called axis, allows rotational movement.

The other 5 vertebrae support the weight of the head.

Around all the vertebrae there are ligaments and muscles that ensure stability and movement, as well as blood vessels and nerves. Nerves start from the base of the skull and transmit information between the brain and the body.

Between the vertebrae there are the intervertebral discs, with a flat shape, with the role of cushioning and maintaining the flexibility of the cervical spine. Inside the spine is the marrow there is the spine marrow.

Virtually all vertebral structures work together to protect the spinal marrow and provide stability and flexibility to the head.

can suffer injuries and can move between the vertebrae, most well-known term being disc herniation. Basically, the disc slips back, or it can crack. Herniated disc can occur anywhere in the spine, but most commonly it occurs in the cervical spine.

The most common cause is the repetitive bending of the neck by leaning the head forward. Basically, the excessive use of modern technology (phones, tablets, computers) predisposes more to the appearance of a herniated disc.
But there are other causes:

➢ genetic predisposition

➢ inappropriate posture

➢ unbalanced nutrition

➢ trauma or accidents

Anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory medicines can be used to reduce pain and inflammation, but they are recommended in the short term, 7-10 days. When a muscle contracture is associated, the administration of muscle relaxants it is recommended, also for the short term.

Ultrasound and electrical stimulation help to significantly relieve pain and inflammation.

Locally applied heat, in sessions of 15-20 minutes, is indicated when there is also the associated muscle contracture, with beneficial effects for muscle relaxation.

Ice applied topically, several times a day, helps reduce inflammation. Always put a thin towel between the ice and the area on which it is applied so as not to irritate the skin.

It has beneficial effects for relaxing and restoring the function of the neck muscles.

Through stretching programs, free exercises and subsequently exercises with weights help:

✓ restore muscle function
✓ reducing pain
✓ increasing muscle tone, thus preventing relapses or other injuries

Under the guidance of a physical therapist, tractions can be performed to release the pressure exerted on the intervertebral disc.
7.

It’s necessary only in some situations because, most of the time, cervical disc herniation responds well to the treatment measures listed above; surgery implies replacing the injured intervertebral disc with a spacer or artificial implant, in order to give the cervical spine the flexibility and movement it needs.

After surgery it is recommended to start the recovery program, which can last between 12 and 24 weeks.

Cervical disc herniation can be prevented if some tips are followed:

✓ Avoid bending the head forward as much as possible
✓ Keep the gaze in front when walking
✓ Reduce the use of electronic devices
✓ Sleep with the head in a neutral position, by using a single pillow
✓ Keep a correct posture of the head and neck
✓ Maintain the mobility of the cervical spine by performing daily specific physical exercises